Term/Ingredient

Meaning / Comments

 Cationic conditioning agents

Cationic conditioning agents are positively charged (cationic) ingredients used in haircare products—especially conditioners, masks, and leave-ins—to smooth, soften, detangle, and repair hair.

Why “cationic” matters:

Hair is naturally negatively charged, especially when it’s wet or damaged (due to broken cuticles). Cationic agents are positively charged, so they’re attracted to the hair shaft like a magnet, binding to it and forming a protective film.

Common Cationic Conditioning Agents:

1. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (“Quats”)

• Behentrimonium Chloride

• Cetrimonium Chloride

• Distearyldimonium Chloride

• Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine

2. Quat-derived Esters

• Behentrimonium Methosulfate (BTMS)

• Milder, derived from rapeseed oil. Popular in natural-focused brands.

3. Natural Alternatives

Brassicyl Valinate Esylate

• Biodegradable, plant-based alternative to traditional quats. Provides smoothing and heat protection.

Aminosensyl HC 

• Plant-derived, mimics traditional quats but gentler and non-build-up forming.

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

• A cationic version of guar gum for mild conditioning, often used in natural shampoos.

What They Do:

• Reduce frizz

• Add slip for detangling

• Smooth the hair cuticle

• Reduce static & flyaways

• Improve hair manageability

• Repair or protect damaged hair

Film forming agents

Film-forming agents are ingredients that create a lightweight, flexible film over the hair shaft or skin. In haircare, they’re used to lock in moisture, reduce frizz, protect against environmental stress, and enhance shine and smoothness.

Why They Matter in Haircare:

• Seal in hydration without heavy oils

• Protect hair from heat, pollution, and humidity

• Smooth the cuticle and reduce friction

• Help with curl definition and frizz control

• Some even enhance hair strength or UV protection

Types of Film-Forming Agents:

1. Natural/Plant-Derived Film Formers

• Hydrolyzed Proteins (e.g., Hydrolyzed Rice, Quinoa, Wheat Protein)

→ Form strengthening, humidity-resistant films

• Aloe Vera

→ Moisture retention and lightweight film

• Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum

→ Botanical polysaccharide, smooths and seals cuticle

• Xylishine™

→ Sugar-derived, hydrates and adds gloss

• Flax (Linseed) Extract

→ Great for curl definition and light hold

2. Polysaccharides & Gums

• Xanthan Gum, Pullulan, Sodium Alginate, Carrageenan

→ Natural film-formers for smoothness and stability

3. Silicones & Synthetic Film Formers (less common in natural formulations)

• Dimethicone, Amodimethicone, Polyquaternium-7, etc.

→ Long-lasting smoothness, frizz resistance, heat protection

Protein-based agents in haircare are ingredients made from whole or hydrolyzed proteins (broken down into smaller amino acids or peptides) that help strengthen, repair, and protect the hair shaft.

Since hair is primarily made of keratin (a protein), using protein-based ingredients can temporarily patch damage, fill in gaps in the cuticle, and reinforce the hair structure—especially if it’s been damaged by heat, color, or mechanical stress.

Types of Protein-Based Agents:

1. Hydrolyzed Proteins

These are proteins broken down into smaller peptides or amino acids to penetrate the hair shaft and repair from within.

• Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein – Strengthens and adds volume

• Hydrolyzed Rice Protein – Lightweight, good for fine hair

• Hydrolyzed Quinoa Protein – Helps retain color, boosts shine

• Hydrolyzed Silk Protein – Smooths and adds shine

• Hydrolyzed Keratin – Mimics hair’s natural protein, helps rebuild structure

• Hydrolyzed Pea Protein – Plant-based, strengthens and protects elasticity

2. Amino Acids

These are the building blocks of proteins, and they can penetrate deeply to hydrate and fortify.

• Arginine, Cysteine, Serine, Proline, etc.

→ Help rebuild damaged hair, improve moisture balance, and restore elasticity

3. Protein Derivatives / Complexes

• Phytokeratin – A blend of plant-based hydrolyzed proteins

• Soy Protein, Collagen, Elastin – Often hydrolyzed for hair repair

• Lysate Ferments (e.g., Bifida Ferment Lysate) – Biotech protein complexes that support scalp and follicle health

What They Do:

• Repair and strengthen damaged cuticles

• Boost hair elasticity (reducing breakage)

• Improve moisture retention

• Add body and volume

• Protect from heat and chemical damage

Protein Overload?

Yes—too much protein, especially on low-porosity or healthy hair, can make it feel stiff, dry, or brittle. It’s all about balance between protein and moisture.

Acerola Cherry

Acerola Cherry (Malpighia emarginata) - Clinical Results: Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, acerola cherry has been documented to improve scalp health and enhance hair shine. Clinical trials suggest that it protects hair from external environmental stressors (Laranja et al., 2019). 

Achiote

Achiote (Bixa orellana) - Clinical Results: Achiote, particularly its seed extract, shows promise for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which may protect hair from environmental damage. Clinical results indicate significant improvements in hair texture and resilience (Gonçalves & Gaivão, 2024).

Agarwood oil

Agarwood Oil (Aquilaria malaccensis) - Clinical Results: Agarwood oil, known for its aromatic properties, also helps seal and protect the hair cuticle, contributing to improved hair health. Research suggests enhanced moisturization and shine in treated hair (Kantaputra et al., 2020).

Almond oil

Almond Oil (Prunus amygdalus) - Clinical Results: Almond oil has been shown to effectively condition hair, improve shine, and enhance moisture retention in laboratory studies. Improved elasticity and effectively nourishes hair shaft. Clinical observations indicate reduced incidence of split ends with regular use (Markiewicz & Idowu, 2024). 

Aloe Ferox

Aloe Ferox - Clinical Results: noted for its exceptional hydrating properties and anti-inflammatory benefits. Clinical studies have shown that it significantly enhances scalp hydration and reduces inflammation, which is crucial for promoting healthy hair growth Lavelle et al. (2016). Found in moisturizing shampoos and conditioning treatments aimed at soothing and hydrating the scalp, effectively sealing the hair cuticle and reducing frizz. 

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is well-regarded for its soothing properties and ability to lock in moisture, thereby keeping hair hydrated and soft (- et al., 2023).  Research indicates that it can reduce itchiness and improve overall scalp conditions, leading to healthier hair growth (Purayil et al., 2019). Found in a variety of formulations, including gels and masks aimed at repairing and hydrating hair.  Aloe vera is beneficial for closing cuticles and providing moisture, with studies indicating that it can smooth hair shafts and reduce frizz effectively (Kim et al., 2011).

Amla

Amla (Emblica officinalis) - Clinical Results: Amla has been linked to significant hair growth stimulation due to its high vitamin C content and powerful antioxidant properties. In a study, topical application led to increased hair density and enhanced hair strength (Sahraie-Rad et al., 2015; Centini et al., 2023). 

Argan oil

Argan Oil (Argania spinosa) - Clinical Results: Argan oil has been extensively studied for its moisturizing properties, nourishing the cuticles. Clinical trials indicate that the oil effectively improves hair elasticity and provides nourishment (penetrates hair), leading to reduced breakage and frizz, improved shine. 

Arginine

Arginine (from plant sources) - Clinical Results: Arginine is an amino acid that plays a role in blood circulation and follicle health. Studies have shown that topical application can enhance hair growth and strength, particularly in individuals with thinning hair. 

Avocado

Avocado (Persea americana) - Clinical Results: Rich in fatty acids and vitamins, avocado oil has been shown to penetrate the hair shaft effectively. Clinical findings indicate that it significantly reduces hair breakage, solit ends, and enhances moisture retention. -mStudies indicate significant improvements in hair elasticity and smoothness with regular use (Hossain et al., 2024).  Avocado oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and vitamins A, D, and E. Clinical studies show that it  enhances the cuticle's protective barrier Breakspear et al. (2022).  

Baking soda

Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) - Clinical Results: While primarily known as a leavening agent, baking soda has been shown to have exfoliating properties that aid in clarifying the scalp by removing product build-up. Clinical studies suggest that it can help balance scalp pH and improve the overall health of the hair.

Bamboo extract

Bamboo Extract (Bambusa vulgaris) - Clinical Results: Bamboo extract is known for its high silica content, which supports hair strength and elasticity. Clinical studies indicate that it enhances overall hair feel and reduces breakage. - Application in Hair Care: Commonly included in serums and conditioners. It structural strength and smooths hair cuticles. 

Baobob oil

Baobab Oil (Adansonia digitata) - Clinical Results: Baobab oil contains high levels of vitamins A, D, E, and F, which help in rejuvenating hair. Clinical findings indicate improvements in hair elasticity, cuticle closure, hair strengthening, moisture retention, and hydration after using baobab oil. - Application in Hair Care: Frequently found in moisturizing products and leave-in conditioners. Baobab oil is rich in essential fatty acids and has been documented to enhance moisture retention in the hair shaft. 

Beeswax

Beeswax - Clinical Results: While not a plant, beeswax is derived from natural sources and is noted for its excellent humidity resistance. Clinical studies show that beeswax can help seal moisture in hair, enhancing shine while protecting against environmental factors (Godlewska, 2021). Seal and protect the hair shaft by forming a protective barrier over the cuticle. Improve shine. Minimise frizz. Fills in gaps in cuticle. Clinical results demonstrate improvements in hair moisture retention and reduced frizz (Arjmandi‐Tash et al., 2017). 

Beetroot

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) - Clinical Results: Beetroot is rich in vitamins and minerals that promote healthy hair growth. Clinical findings reveal that beetroot juice significantly improves hair texture while preventing brittleness and dullness (Shuval et al., 2011).

Bhringraj (Eclipta alba)

Bhringraj has been traditionally used in Ayurveda to promote hair growth. Clinical studies support its efficacy in improving the overall health and appearance of hair due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties (Centini et al., 2023; Udinyiwe & Aghedo, 2022). 

Black Currant seed oil

Black Currant Seed Oil (Ribes nigrum) - Clinical Results: This oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which has anti-inflammatory properties that can benefit scalp conditions. Clinical results highlight improvements in hair hydration and reduction of breakage (Baruth & Wilcox, 2013).

Black Seed oil

Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) - Clinical Results: Black seed oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. A study observed significant improvement in hair thickness and reduced hair fall among clinical trial participants using black seed oil (Greco et al., 2024). Its rich antioxidant profile contributes to improved scalp health and increased hair density. 

Broccoli seed oil

Broccoli Seed Oil (Brassica oleracea) - Clinical Results: Broccoli seed oil provides a lightweight coating that wraps around hair strands, effectively smoothing and sealing cuticles. Clinical findings indicate enhanced shine and reduced frizz (Worasith & Goodman, 2014). 

Burdock Rock

Burdock Root (Arctium lappa) - Clinical Results: Burdock root has shown efficacy for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, supporting scalp health. Findings indicate that this ingredient can improve blood circulation and subsequently promote hair growth (Kohli et al., 2023).

Buriti oil

Buriti Oil (Mauritia flexuosa) - Clinical Results: Rich in beta-carotene and essential fatty acids, buriti oil promotes moisture retention and scalp health. Clinical evaluations have shown improvements in hair texture and prevention of dryness upon topical application (Liu et al., 2022). This oil is rich in beta-carotene and fatty acids, which serve as powerful antioxidants. Clinical studies suggest that buriti oil can enhance hair color vibrancy and protect hair from UV rays.

Cabbage

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) - Clinical Results: Recent studies showcase that the nutrients in cabbage, such as vitamins A and C, contribute to scalp health. Regular use of cabbage juice has shown beneficial effects on hair hydration and strengthening properties, thereby reducing hair loss. 

Cacao butter (Theobroma cacao)

Cacao butter is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, promoting hair moisture and elasticity. Clinical studies support its effectiveness in enhancing hair hydration and reducing roughness (Nassaji, 2020). 

Caffeine

Caffeine - Clinical Results: Research has demonstrated that caffeine can stimulate hair follicles and promote hair growth while counteracting the effects of DHT. Clinical studies show that formulations containing caffeine can lead to increased hair shaft elongation and reduced shedding (Gherardini et al., 2019).

Calendula

Calendula Extract (Calendula officinalis) - Clinical Results: Calendula is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties that help soothe the scalp. Clinical findings support its efficacy in improving cuticle health and overall hair vitality (Battistella et al., 2020).

Capsicum annuum (Capsaicin)

Capsicum, or pepper extract, has been noted for its stimulating effects on hair follicles. Studies indicate that it can enhance circulation, thus facilitating hair growth (Saqib et al., 2020). 

Castor Oil

Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) - Clinical Results: Known for its rich ricinoleic acid content, castor oil promotes circulation and hair growth. Clinical evaluations have indicated a noticeable increase in hair density and softer hair appearance following application of castor oil (Drivenes et al., 2023). Clinical findings support its use in filling gaps in hair cuticles, which improves overall strength (Takahashi, 2019).

Cedarwood oil

Cedarwood Oil (Cedrus atlantica) - Clinical Results: Cedarwood oil is known for its antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. A study found that its application improved hair growth among patients diagnosed with alopecia areata (Park et al., 2024). 

Chia Seed oil

Chia Seed Oil (Salvia hispanica) - Clinical Results: Chia seed oil is high in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Studies suggest that it can enhance hydration and elasticity in hair, leading to improved manageability and shine. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, providing nourishment and moisture to the hair shaft. Studies show that it can help fill gaps in the cuticle and improve hair texture (Tosti & Schwartz, 2021). 

Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) - Clinical Results: Chrysanthemum extract has soothing properties that can alleviate scalp conditions. Research supports its efficacy in improving scalp health and promoting overall hair vitality. 

Cinnamon oil

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) - Clinical Results: Cinnamon oil has been shown to stimulate circulation in the scalp. A clinical study indicated that topical application of cinnamon could improve hair thickness and prevent hair loss by promoting follicle health (Sandelowski, 2012). 

Clary Sage oil

Clary Sage Oil (Salvia sclarea) - Clinical Results: Clary sage oil has been noted for its ability to balance oil production on the scalp. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in alleviating an oily scalp, contributing to healthier hair and improved hair follicle environment (Santana et al., 2023).

Cocoa butter

Cocoa Butter (Theobroma cacao) - Clinical Results: Cocoa butter provides moisture and creates a protective barrier on the hair shaft, sealing cuticles. Studies indicate that it improves hair smoothness and reduces dryness (Kraseasintra et al., 2022). 

Coconut milk

Coconut Milk - Clinical Results: Coconut milk is rich in nutrients that provide hydration and nourishment to the hair. Studies show that its application can help close the cuticle while improving shine and softness (Takahashi, 2021). 

Coconut Oil

Notably recognized for its ability to reduce protein loss in hair, which is critical for maintaining hair strength and integrity (Momota et al., 2017). can penetrate deeply into hair strands, enhancing moisture retention and improving gloss and shine (Rao, 2023). Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) - Clinical Results: Research indicates that coconut oil can reduce protein loss in hair and prevent damage. A controlled study found that coconut oil significantly improved hair moisture retention and overall hair health (Beiki et al., 2017). 

Coconut water

Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) - Clinical Results: Coconut water is rich in electrolytes and nutrients which help hydrate and nourish the hair. Clinical findings demonstrate that its application can enhance hair texture, moisture retention, and strength, reducing breakage. 

Coriander

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) - Clinical Results: Coriander oil has shown antimicrobial properties that aid in maintaining a healthy scalp environment. Clinical studies suggest that applying coriander extract can enhance hair shine and growth by improving scalp health. 

Cranberry

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) - Clinical Results: Cranberry juice is recognized for its high antioxidant content. Clinical studies suggest that its topical application can strengthen hair follicles and promote a healthier scalp environment, thus supporting hair growth. 

Cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) - Clinical Results: Cucumber extract has hydrating properties due to its high water content and is beneficial for the hair shaft. Clinical findings suggest that its application can reduce scalp dryness and enhance hair shine. - Application in Hair Care: Often included in hydrating shampoos and conditioners. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) - Clinical Results: Rich in water and nutrients, cucumber extract has shown effectiveness in promoting hydration and preventing scalp irritation. Clinical studies indicate its beneficial effects on hair shine and overall health.

Curcumin

Curcumin (Curcuma longa) - Clinical Results: Curcumin, derived from turmeric, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Clinical studies indicate that curcumin can enhance hair growth by reducing inflammation in hair follicles and promoting blood circulation to the scalp Frost et al. (2010). 

Cypress oil

Cypress Oil (Cupressus sempervirens) - Clinical Results: Cypress essential oil has demonstrated antimicrobial properties. A study suggested that it could effectively reduce dandruff and scalp irritation, contributing to healthier hair growth (Hossain et al., 2024). 

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)

Eucalyptus oil has shown antimicrobial properties that can benefit those with dandruff and oily scalps. Clinical findings support its application in managing scalp health ("Time-Dependent Evaluation Of The Antibacterial And Phytochemical Properties Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Gongronema Latifolium", 2012). Eucalyptus oil has known antifungal and antibacterial properties, which help reduce dandruff and improve scalp health. Studies indicate that its application can result in a healthier scalp, thus promoting growth (Kerrison et al., 2017). 

Fennel

Fig

Ficus Carica (Fig) - Clinical Results: Fig extract has been shown to contain flavonoids and antioxidants that can enhance hair health. Clinical studies highlight improved scalp hydration and reductions in dryness and dandruff with regular application. 

Flavonoids

Flavonoids, which are antioxidants, help shield hair from environmental damage, enhancing its aesthetic appeal and making it appear healthier and more vibrant (Abelan et al., 2021; Gonçalves & Gaivão, 2024).

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

ginger extract is celebrated for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Research indicates that applying ginger oil topically could reduce scalp irritation and dandruff, contributing to improved hair health (Shekhan & Al-Hussaini, 2012). Ginger extract has marked anti-inflammatory properties that help improves circulation in the scalp. Studies have suggested that regular application can help stimulate hair growth and reduce scalp irritation. 

Ginger oil

Ginger Oil (Zingiber officinale) - Clinical Results: Ginger oil enhances blood flow to the scalp and has anti-inflammatory properties. Studies suggest that it supports healthy follicle function and helps maintain cuticle integrity (Stewart et al., 2013). 

Gingko Biloba

Ginkgo biloba - Clinical Results: Ginkgo extract has been noted for its ability to improve peripheral blood circulation, which can enhance hair follicle health. Research shows that patients exhibited increased hair density and hair count after treatment with ginkgo extract (Kohli et al., 2023). 

Ginseng

 Ginseng (Panax ginseng) - Clinical Results: Clinical trials indicate that ginseng extract can stimulate hair follicles and promote blood circulation, leading to increased hair growth. Results from controlled studies highlight ginseng’s role in hair vitality and strength (Etzbach et al., 2024). Clinical trials have demonstrated that ginseng extract can stimulate hair follicles and increase hair count. The stimulatory properties help improve blood circulation to the scalp, thus promoting hair growth (Gonçalves & Gaivãoa, 2023). Ginseng extract has been shown to bolster hair follicle health and support cuticle integrity. Studies indicate improved moisture retention and elasticity in hair treated with ginseng (Zhao et al., 2016). 

Gotu Kola

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) - Clinical Results: Gotu kola is known for promoting collagen production and improving blood circulation, which can enhance hair regeneration and health. Clinical studies highlight its effectiveness in stimulating hair follicle growth, particularly in individuals experiencing hair loss Park & Lee (2021). Centella asiatica extract is known for its wound healing properties, and studies indicate it can also enhance hair cuticle health and scalp condition, promoting overall hair growth (Lima et al., 2019). 

Grape seed oil

Grape Seed Oil (Vitis vinifera) - Clinical Results: Grape seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, which aids in maintaining moisture in hair. Clinical findings suggest that it helps to prevent dryness and enhances overall hair health (Ma et al., 2018). 

Grapefruit

Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) - Clinical Results: Grapefruit extract has been shown to have detoxifying properties. Clinical results suggest that it may help in balancing scalp sebum production and promoting cleaner, healthier hair (Glenna et al., 2019). Grapefruit seed extract has antioxidant properties that help protect the cuticle and improve moisture retention. Studies highlight its effectiveness in enhancing hair appearance (Keshwar et al., 2021). 

Grapeseed oil

Grapeseed Oil (Vitis vinifera) - Clinical Results: Grapeseed oil is recognized for its emollient properties and high linoleic acid content, which can help reduce hair breakage. Clinical studies showed that grapeseed oil significantly improved hair moisture and strength (Kohli et al., 2023). Grapeseed Oil is an effective sealant that can help smooth the cuticle and fill gaps. Clinical evidence shows it provides hydration and prevents breakage (Al‐Refu, 2018). 

Green tea extract 

Green tea extract is rich in polyphenols, particularly EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), which has been associated with inhibition of DHT (dihydrotestosterone) production, a contributing factor to hair loss. Clinical studies have demonstrated that topical application promotes hair growth by enhancing dermal papilla cell proliferation Reuter et al. (2010). 

Hemp seed oil

Hemp Seed Oil (Cannabis sativa) - Clinical Results: Hemp seed oil is rich in essential fatty acids, providing nourishment to the hair cuticle. Studies indicate that it helps retain moisture and enhances hair's resilience against damage (Thibaut et al., 2010). Rich in omega fatty acids, hemp seed oil can fill in gaps in the hair cuticle while providing moisture. Research shows it improves hair strength and reduce brittleness (Vastarella et al., 2019). 

Hibiscus

Hibiscus extract has shown promise in promoting hair growth and preventing premature graying. Research indicates that hair treated with hibiscus products exhibited improved moisture retention and smoothness (Purayil et al., 2019). Clinical Results: Research indicates that hibiscus oil helps prevent hair loss due to its rich vitamin C content and promotes hair growth by stimulating the scalp with its high amount of antioxidants. Clinical findings suggest improved moisture retention and smoother hair texture following hibiscus application (Kohli et al., 2023).

Honey

Honey - Clinical Results: Honey is well-known for its humectant properties, which help retain moisture in the hair. Clinical studies reveal that honey can improve hair hydration and shine while providing antibacterial benefits. 

Honeybush

Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) - Clinical Results: Honeybush extract has antioxidant properties that can help protect hair from oxidative stress. Studies indicate that it can enhance hair moisture retention and provide anti-inflammatory effects, leading to healthier hair and scalp (Collins & Porter, 2023). 

Horsetail

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) - Clinical Results: Horsetail is rich in silica, which is beneficial for hair strength. A study demonstrated that silica from horsetail improved hair tensile strength and reduced breakage in human hair samples (Dunne et al., 2024). 

Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic Acid - Clinical Results: Though synthetic forms are common, hyaluronic acid is derived from plant sources and is renowned for its hydrating capabilities. Clinical findings show that it can significantly enhance moisture levels in hair and improve overall resilience against damage. Naturally occurring, hyaluronic acid helps retain moisture in the hair and fill in cuticle gaps. Studies indicate it can improve moisture retention and overall hair health effectively (Duvel et al., 2005). 

Hydrolyzed Collagen

Hydrolyzed Collagen - Clinical Results: Hydrolyzed collagen can fill in gaps in the cuticle and provide substantial moisture and structure. Studies indicate that it helps improve hair elasticity and reduces breakage, contributing to overall hair health (Velasco et al., 2015).

Hydrolyzed corn protein

Hydrolyzed Corn Protein - Clinical Results: Hydrolyzed corn protein has been documented to provide film-forming properties that help seal the cuticle and improve hair resilience against damage. Clinical trials indicate improvements in hair smoothness and moisture retention (Liu et al., 2015).

Hydrolyzed Keratin

Hydrolyzed Keratin - Clinical Results: Hydrolyzed keratin is a protein that helps to restore damaged hair by filling in the gaps in the hair cuticle, enhancing strength and elasticity. Clinical studies indicate that products containing hydrolyzed keratin can lead to reduced breakage and improved moisture retention in the hair shaft (Hossain et al., 2024). - Application in Hair Care: Commonly found in conditioners, masks, and restorative serums designed for damaged hair. Hydrolyzed keratin helps to fill in gaps in the hair cuticle and strengthen hair. Studies have confirmed that it significantly improves the tensile strength and elasticity of hair, leading to reduced breakage (Torane & Wamane, 2024). 

Hydrolyzed Rice

hydrolyzed proteins from plants, such as rice or wheat, significantly improve hair structure, contributing to enhanced shine and smoothness (Agrawal et al., 2022). These proteins not only fortify the hair shaft but also help with moisture retention, combating dryness and brittleness (Agrawal et al., 2022). 

Hydrolyzed Silk Protein

Hydrolyzed Silk Protein - Clinical Results: Hydrolyzed silk proteins have been shown to penetrate the hair shaft and provide significant moisturizing properties. Clinical findings indicate an improvement in hair softness and shine while helping to reduce frizz (Markiewicz & Idowu, 2024). Hydrolyzed silk proteins effectively fill in gaps and imperfections in the hair shaft. Studies indicate that they enhance smoothness and improve overall hair texture (Scarampella et al., 2015). 

Hydrolyzed Wheat

Hydrolyzed proteins from plants, such as rice or wheat, significantly improve hair structure, contributing to enhanced shine and smoothness (Agrawal et al., 2022). These proteins not only fortify the hair shaft but also help with moisture retention, combating dryness and brittleness (Agrawal et al., 2022).  Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein - Clinical Results: Hydrolyzed wheat protein has been shown to penetrate the hair shaft, improving moisture retention and strength. Clinical studies suggest that it enhances elasticity and reduces breakage in damaged hair Won et al. (2023). 

Jojoba oil

Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis) - Clinical Results: Jojoba oil closely resembles the sebum produced by the scalp, making it an effective moisturizer. Research suggests that its application can help balance scalp oil production and promote overall hair health. Jojoba oil mimics the natural oils of the scalp, serving as an effective moisturizer. Clinical studies have shown its efficacy in retaining moisture in the hair shaft and enhancing overall shine (Mishra et al., 2023). Clinical findings indicate that it reduces dryness and improves hair shine (Breakspear et al., 2022). 

Karanja oil

Karanja Oil (Pongamia glabra) - Clinical Results: Karanja oil has been shown to enhance moisture retention and seal cuticles effectively. Clinical findings indicate its benefits in improving hair texture and reducing split ends (Kovalev et al., 2020). 

Kava

Kava (Piper methysticum) - Clinical Results: Kava has calming properties and is known for promoting relaxation. Studies have indicated that kava extracts might help reduce scalp tension, potentially leading to reduced hair shedding (Kozleski, 2017). 

Knotweed

Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) - Clinical Results: Known for its high resveratrol content, knotweed has shown promising effects on promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss in clinical trials. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been linked to improved scalp conditions.

Kochia

Kochia Scoparia (Kochia) - Clinical Results: Research indicates that kochia extract possesses beneficial properties for hair health, including enhanced moisture retention and protection against oxidative stress. Clinical findings support its use in improving hair resilience and preventing damage. 

Kukui nut oil

Kukui Nut Oil (Aleurites molucanna) - Clinical Results: Kukui nut oil provides significant moisture, helping to seal the cuticle and improve hair texture. Studies indicate that it protects hair from damage and increases shine (Meer et al., 2024). Kukui nut oil provides moisture and seals the cuticle, offering protection against environmental damage. Clinical studies confirm improvements in hair shine and softness with regular application (Takahashi, 2019). Clinical research shows that it hydrate the hair, resulting in improved smoothness and texture (Kiso et al., 2009). 

Lanolin

 Derived from wool grease, has been shown to be an effective occlusive agent that helps retain moisture in hair. Clinical studies highlight its ability to improve hair texture and reduce dryness.

Lavender essential oil

Essential oils from plants such as lavender and peppermint have known soothing effects on the scalp while invigorating hair follicles, potentially accelerating growth (Abelan et al., 2021). Lavender oil has been shown to have antimicrobial properties while also promoting hair growth. A clinical trial noted improved hair growth in participants using lavender oil over several months (Jung et al., 2022). Lavender has been found to stimulate blood circulation to the scalp and promote hair growth while improving cuticle health (Draelos, 2022). 

Licorice Root

Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) - Clinical Results: Clinical studies have shown that licorice root extract effectively soothes an inflamed scalp and stimulates hair growth. It demonstrated marked improvement in conditions of alopecia areata when used in topical preparations (Sahraie-Rad et al., 2015). Licorice is known for its anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for scalp health (Takahashi, 2021). 

Linen seed oil

Linen Seed Oil (Linum usitatissimum) - Clinical Results: Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, which help in revitalizing the hair cuticle and enhancing moisture retention. Clinical studies indicate less breakage and improved overall hair texture (Leite & Campos, 2018). 

Macadamia nut oil

Macadamia Nut Oil (Macadamia integrifolia) - Clinical Results: Rich in fatty acids, macadamia nut oil helps improve moisture retention in the hair. Clinical studies confirm its effectiveness in sealing the cuticle and enhancing softness (Sandt et al., 2024). 

Mandarin oil

Mandarin Oil (Citrus reticulata) - Clinical Results: Mandarin oil has hydrating properties and can enhance shine. Clinical observations indicate that it helps with moisture retention and improvements in hair texture and strength (Oflazoğlu, 2017). 

Mango butter

Mango Butter (Mangifera indica) - Clinical Results: Mango butter is rich in essential fatty acids and has moisturizing properties. Clinical studies have shown that its application can improve hair elasticity and reduce breakage (Boddy, 2016). Mango Butter (Mangifera indica) - Clinical Results: Mango butter is recognized for its deep moisturizing properties, improving overall integrity of the hair shaft. Studies indicate that its application leads to smoother and more manageable hair (Selvan et al., 2013). Mango butter is rich in fatty acids and has moisturizing properties that help to close and seal the cuticle, making hair softer and more manageable (Kohli et al., 2023).

Marine Collagen

 Marine Collagen - Clinical Results: Marine collagen has been shown to enhance hair hydration and elasticity. Studies indicate that it helps to strengthen the hair shaft, leading to reduced breakage and improved overall hair quality (Keshwar et al., 2021).

Marshmallow root

Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) - Clinical Results: Marshmallow root is known for its demulcent properties, helping to reduce hair breakage and improve manageability. Clinical studies confirm its hydrating properties, leading to softer hair after use (Tinoco et al., 2018). Clinical evaluations suggest that using marshmallow root extract can improve hair’s moisture retention and reduce frizz. Its high mucilage content provides a protective layer, enhancing manageability and softness (Sinha et al., 2018). 

Marula oil

Marula Oil (Sclerocarya birrea) - Clinical Results: Rich in oleic acid, marula oil has been shown to nourish and soften hair. Studies indicate that its application can improve hydration and reduce frizz, enhancing overall hair appearance. Marula oil offers substantial nourishment to the hair shaft, promoting cuticle closure. Clinical findings suggest it significantly enhances hair softness and moisture (Marubashi et al., 2016). Clinical Results: Rich in fatty acids, marula oil helps moisturize and seal the hair cuticle. Studies indicate it improves hair softness, reduces breakage, and enhances shine (Kantaputra et al., 2020). 

Melatonin

Melatonin - Clinical Results: Melatonin, primarily recognized for its role in the sleep-wake cycle, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant potential. Clinical studies indicate that topical melatonin might promote hair growth and reduce hair loss by enhancing the hair cycle and decreasing oxidative stress on hair follicles ( Greco et al., 2024).

Moringa oleifera

Extracts from Moringa have demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, acting as a protective agent against oxidative stress. Research indicates significant improvement in hair quality and growth rate with regular application (Selim et al., 2013; Cibele et al., 2016). Moringa leaf extract is rich in vitamins and amino acids, contributing to hair health. Clinical evidence suggests that regular application can lead to improved hair growth and reduced hair loss due to its antioxidant properties. Moringa oil is rich in vitamins and minerals, contributing to hair health. Clinical studies indicate that it enhances moisture retention and fills in cuticle gaps, resulting in smoother hair (Leite & Campos, 2018). 

Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Neem oil is known for its antimicrobial properties, making it effective against dandruff and scalp infections. Findings highlight its role in reducing flakiness and enhancing scalp health, subsequently improving hair quality (Shekhan & Al-Hussaini, 2012).

Nettle

Nettle (Urtica dioica) - Clinical Results: Clinical findings demonstrate that nettle extract can contribute to increased hair growth while also reducing shedding by blocking the effects of DHT. Studies highlight its anti-inflammatory and nourishing properties (Igarashi et al., 2020). 

Noni

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) - Clinical Results: Noni fruit extract has been shown to stimulate hair growth and improve scalp health. Its antioxidant properties support a healthy environment for hair follicles, as evidenced by clinical studies focusing on hair density improvements (Wendin et al., 2019). 

Oat extract

Oat Extract (Avena sativa) - Clinical Results: Oat extract has soothing and moisturizing properties that nourish the hair cuticle. Clinical studies suggest that it can improve the appearance and texture of hair by filling in gaps (Xu et al., 2023). 

Olive leaf extract

Olive Leaf Extract (Olea europaea) - Clinical Results: Olive leaf extract has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that promote scalp health. Clinical findings indicate that it may help to alleviate scalp conditions such as dandruff while enhancing hair growth.

Olive oil

Olive Oil (Olea europaea) - Clinical Results: Clinical results show that olive oil significantly improves hair hydration and elasticity while reducing frizz and split ends. Its emollient properties enhance overall hair health (Zhang et al., 2024). Studies show that olive oil helps seal moisture and soften the hair cuticle. Its application has been linked to improved smoothness and reduced frizz (Enriquez et al., 2022).

Papaya

Papaya (Carica papaya) - Clinical Results: Papaya contains enzymes and vitamins that promote scalp health and hair growth. Clinical studies show that papaya extract can reduce dandruff and improve hair thickness when applied regularly. 

Passion fruit oil

Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) - Clinical Results: Passion fruit oil is derived from its seeds and has shown benefits in moisturizing hair while also providing nourishment to the scalp. Clinical studies suggest increased smoothness and manageability upon use (Zhang et al., 2024).

Peppermint essential oil

Essential oils from plants such as lavender and peppermint have known soothing effects on the scalp while invigorating hair follicles, potentially accelerating growth (Abelan et al., 2021). 

Pine extract

. Pine Extract (Pinus pinaster) - Clinical Results: Pine bark extract is rich in antioxidants. Clinical studies indicate that it can protect hair from oxidative stress, which may prevent premature aging of hair strands (Turlier et al., 2024).  

Pineapple

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) - Clinical Results: Pineapple is rich in vitamin C and bromelain, contributing to scalp exfoliation and hydration. Clinical studies indicate better moisture levels and improved scalp health, leading to healthier hair growth. 

Pomegranate

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) - Clinical Results: Pomegranate extract has been shown to inhibit the effects of DHT and promotes hair growth. Clinical findings suggest that topical application enhances hair density and growth rate (Sagbo & Otang-Mbeng, 2019). Rich in antioxidants, pomegranate seed oil has shown beneficial effects on hair health by reducing oxidative stress and improving moisture retention. Clinical studies illustrate its ability to enhance hair texture (Kojima et al., 2011). 

Pumpkin seed oil

inclusion of phytosterols, found in oils such as sesame seed and pumpkin seed oil, has been linked to reduced levels of 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme associated with hair loss (Keshwar et al., 2021).  Pumpkin Seed Oil (Cucurbita pepo) - Clinical Results: Pumpkin seed oil is rich in essential fatty acids and vitamins that promote hair strength (Tosti & Schwartz, 2021). 

Quinoa protein

Quinoa Protein (Chenopodium quinoa) - Clinical Results: Quinoa protein has a unique ability to penetrate and fill in gaps in the hair cuticle, improving strength and reducing breakage. Studies indicate that it enhances moisture retention as well (Khalse et al., 2024). 

Red Palm oil

can penetrate deeply into hair strands, enhancing moisture retention and improving gloss and shine (Rao, 2023). Additionally, red palm oil is rich in antioxidants, contributing to overall scalp health and supporting hair repair (Rao, 2023). 

Rice Bran oil

Rice Bran Oil (Oryza sativa) - Clinical Results: Rice bran oil is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids that can penetrate the hair cuticle, providing nourishment and helping to seal moisture. Clinical evidence suggests improved hair texture and resistance to damage (Maddar et al., 2019). 

Rice water

Rice Water - Clinical Results: Rice water is rich in amino acids and vitamins, which help to close the cuticle and improve hair strength. Clinical findings suggest that rinsing hair with rice water enhances moisture retention and shine (Enriquez et al., 2022). Rice water is known for its protein content, which can fill gaps in the hair cuticle and improve moisture levels. Research shows that using rice water can lead to stronger, more resilient hair (Grosvenor et al., 2018). 

Rosehip oil

Rosehip Oil (Rosa canina) - Clinical Results: Rosehip oil is packed with essential fatty acids and antioxidants. Studies have documented significant improvements in hair repair and hydration, helping to restore damaged hair to a healthier state (Bianchi et al., 2020). Rosehip oil is rich in essential fatty acids and vitamins A and C, which are known to improve skin and hair health. Studies have shown that rosehip oil application can enhance hair hydration, reduce hair breakage, and improve overall shine and texture.

Rosemary oil

For instance, rosemary extract has been documented to stimulate blood circulation to the scalp, which can enhance hair follicle vitality (Qian et al., 2023). Moreover, rosemary oil's antioxidant properties may reduce oxidative stress on hair cells, promoting healthier hair growth (Qian et al., 2023). osemary oil is recognized for its capacity to improve blood circulation to the scalp. A study comparing rosemary oil to minoxidil found that it generated similar levels of hair growth after six months of application (Sahraie-Rad et al., 2015). Rosemary oil has been linked to hair growth stimulation, with clinical trials suggesting its effectiveness comparable to minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia. It promotes circulation and strengthens hair. 

Safflower oil

Safflower Oil (Carthamus tinctorius) - Clinical Results: Safflower oil is rich in linoleic acid, which can help strengthen hair and improve elasticity. Clinical evidence suggests that its application can reduce split ends and enhance overall hair texture (Marquis et al., 2018).  Safflower oil, rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, can contribute to moisture balance in hair. Studies indicate enhancements in hair elasticity and a reduction of split ends (Tollenaere et al., 2021). - Safflower oil is beneficial for sealing cuticles and providing moisture to the hair. Studies suggest its use leads to reduced dryness and enhanced shine (Takahashi & Yoshida, 2016). 

Sage

Sage (Salvia officinalis) - Clinical Results: Clinical trials reveal that sage oil may contribute to improved scalp circulation and potentially inhibit hair loss caused by DHT. Some studies emphasize its potential in enriching hair quality and reducing baldness (Kohli et al., 2023).

Sandalwood oil

Sandalwood Oil (Santalum album) - Clinical Results: Sandalwood oil has antiseptic properties and has shown efficacy in reducing scalp irritation. A clinical study revealed that regular use could minimize itchiness and flakiness associated with dry scalp conditions (Park & Lee, 2021).

Saw Palmetto

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) - Clinical Results: Research has demonstrated that saw palmetto can block the conversion of testosterone to DHT, which is responsible for androgenetic alopecia. Its application showed a significant reduction in hair loss among participants (Pintos et al., 2023). 

Scotch Pine

Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) - Clinical Results: Pine oil has antibacterial and antifungal properties that may help alleviate dandruff and promote a healthy scalp environment. Clinical studies show improved scalp health and reduced flakiness (Kalinowski et al., 2010).

Sea Buckthorn oil

Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) - Clinical Results: Sea buckthorn oil is rich in omega fatty acids and vitamins, and clinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in improving scalp health and preventing dandruff. Its rich nutrient profile enhances overall hair luster (Egli et al., 2022).

Seaweed extract

Seaweed Extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) - Clinical Results: Seaweed extract has demonstrated effectiveness in hydrating and protecting hair from toxicity and damage. Research indicates significant moisturizing benefits and scalp health improvement when included in hair care formulations. Seaweed extract nourishes the hair and reinforces the cuticle structure, resulting in increased hydration and shine. Studies indicate that it effectively fills gaps in the cuticle for improved texture (Velasco et al., 2022).

Sesame oil

 Sesame Oil (Sesamum indicum) - Clinical Results: Sesame oil contains antioxidants and fatty acids beneficial for sealing the cuticle and restoring hair moisture. Studies demonstrate improvements in reduced brittleness and softness (Fang et al., 2024). Inclusion of phytosterols, found in oils such as sesame seed and pumpkin seed oil, has been linked to reduced levels of 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme associated with hair loss (Keshwar et al., 2021). hair and helps close cuticles, improving overall shine and health (Lima et al., 2019). 

Shea butter

Shea Butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) - Clinical Results: Shea butter has been documented to improve moisture retention and reduce dryness and hair frizz. Clinical observations indicate enhanced hair texture and shine with consistent use (Haven et al., 2020). 

Soy Protein

Soy Protein (Glycine max) - Clinical Results: Soy protein has been indicated to help strengthen hair by providing a protective layer that reduces moisture loss. Studies suggest that soy protein improves tensile strength, making hair less prone to breakage (Igarashi et al., 2020). Soy protein helps to strengthen and smooth the hair cuticle while providing hydration. Studies show that it effectively reduces breakage when used in hair products (Maddar et al., 2019).

Squalane

Squalane (from Olive Oil) - Clinical Results: Squalane is a highly effective hydrator that helps to fill in the cuticle and restore moisture. Clinical studies show improvements in hair softness and reduced frizz with regular application (Ryu et al., 2016). 

Sunflower oil

Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus) - Clinical Results: Sunflower oil is rich in fatty acids and vitamin E, which help close hair cuticles and maintain moisture. Clinical evaluations show that it enhances hair softness and manageability (Essel et al., 2019). 

Sweet Almond oil

Sweet Almond Oil (Prunus dulcis) - Clinical Results: Sweet almond oil is shown to nourish and enhance hair texture. Clinical findings confirm that it improves moisture retention, reduces split ends, and adds shine to hair. 

Tamarind

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) - Clinical Results: Clinical studies suggest that tamarind pulp can improve hair elasticity. The natural acids found in tamarind help strengthen hair and support growth (Menon et al., 2022). 

Tea Tree oil

Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) - Clinical Results: Tea tree oil possesses antifungal and antibacterial properties, which make it effective against dandruff. A clinical study demonstrated significant improvement in scalp health and symptomatic relief of dandruff when using shampoos containing tea tree oil Kohli et al. (2023). Clinical Results: Tea tree oil possesses antifungal and antibacterial properties that promote a healthy scalp environment, which can help in maintaining cuticle integrity (Takahashi et al., 2015). 

Thyme

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) - Clinical Results: Thyme oil is recognized for its antimicrobial properties. Studies indicate that its application can help prevent dandruff and promote a healthy scalp environment conducive to hair growth (Horowitz et al., 2019). 

Walnut oil

Walnut Oil (Juglans regia) - Clinical Results: Walnut oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants known to improve hair strength and elasticity. Clinical studies show that its moisturizing properties can prevent dryness and brittleness in hair. 

Willow Bark

Willow Bark (Salix alba) - Clinical Results: Willow bark extract has anti-inflammatory properties that benefit scalp health. Increased scalp hydration and reduction in irritation have been documented in studies evaluating hair care products containing willow bark (Han et al., 2021). Willow bark extract has anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical findings confirm its efficacy in promoting scalp health and closing cuticles, enhancing moisture retention (Ryu et al., 2023). 

Ylang-ylang oil

Ylang-Ylang Oil (Cananga odorata) - Clinical Results: Ylang-ylang oil has been noted for its ability to promote oil production, which can contribute to a healthier scalp. Clinical studies indicate that regular application can improve hair texture and reduce breakage (Okeke et al., 2024). Ylang ylang oil is known for its ability to balance oil production, helping to smooth the cuticle (Ryu et al., 2023). 

Saffron

Saffron (Crocus sativus) - Clinical Results: Saffron has anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe the scalp (Kiso et al., 2009). 

Soybean oil

Soybean Oil (Glycine max) - Clinical Results: Soybean oil has conditioning properties that enhance moisture retention and smooth hair cuticles. Clinical studies indicate improvements in shine and texture in treated hair (Draelos, 2022). 

Essential Fatty Acids

Essential Fatty Acids (from various plant oils) - Clinical Results: Essential fatty acids, such as those found in flaxseed oil and hemp seed oil, have moisturizing properties that can help seal the hair cuticle and improve overall hair health. Clinical findings support their use in enhancing shine and reducing frizz (Evans et al., 2011).